{"id":6475,"date":"2023-02-24T11:24:18","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T17:24:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/?p=6475"},"modified":"2023-02-24T11:36:27","modified_gmt":"2023-02-24T17:36:27","slug":"a-girl-that-turned-into-a-bird-about-collections-of-subcarpathian-and-pryashiv-rusyn-ballads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/rsk\/2023\/02\/24\/a-girl-that-turned-into-a-bird-about-collections-of-subcarpathian-and-pryashiv-rusyn-ballads\/","title":{"rendered":"A Girl That Turned Into a Bird: About Collections of Subcarpathian and Pryashiv Rusyn Ballads"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Rusyns are well-known far beyond the countries they live in for their folk songs. This in turn, has made these pieces of music a major component to how Rusyns are perceived in our modern world. A rich source of popular wisdom is also in folk fairy tales created over the previous centuries. Generations of the native peoples of the Carpathian region heard them told by their grannies or \u2013 in more recent times \u2013 read them in books. These two would mesh to create a now nearly forgotten layer of folklore in ballad songs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It appears that Rusyns were extremely fecund in creating ballads. Their thematic diversity is vast in scope. They often describe fantastic, historic, and heroic events, and very frequently have an unhappy end \u2013 be it redemption, love, or devastation. Ballads reveal the ethnic peculiarities of their personages; they describe customs, traditions, and everyday life within a certain historical epoch. One can learn a lot about the attitudes of the common people through these objects of culture. The Rusyn lands were happy to have a string of ethnographers who recorded and published folk ballads. Given the dearth of other sources, these are like a gift in a vast desert.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first book that contained Rusyn ballads was published in Moscow in 1878 by Yakiv Holovatsky (1814\u20131888), a prominent Galician Ruthenian public figure of the Russophile camp and one of the founders of the <em>Ruthenian Triad<\/em> (<em>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u043f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0438<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0423\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438<\/em><em> \/ Folk Songs of Galician and Hungarian Rus. In 4 vol. Moscow, 1878<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1944, Andor Lovassy translated into Hungarian 27 Rusyn ballads collected by the Rusyn writer Luka Demian in Huszt\/Khust, \u00d6k\u00f6rmez\u0151\/Mizhhiria, Rah\u00f3\/Rakhiv, and Vol\u00f3c\/Volovets and published them in Ungv\u00e1r\/Uzhhorod (<em>Lovassy Andor, ford. Ruszin n\u00e9pballad\u00e1k \/ Rusyn Folk Ballads. Ungv\u00e1r, 1944<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dscn5487.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6477\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dscn5487.jpg 600w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dscn5487-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dscn5487-9x12.jpg 9w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dscn5487-370x493.jpg 370w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dscn5487-20x27.jpg 20w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/dscn5487-36x48.jpg 36w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Petro Lintur (1909\u20131969), a well-known Rusyn folklorist of the second half of the 20<sup>th<\/sup> century, published a collection of Subcarpathian ballads in 1959 (<em>\u041b\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f \/ Lintur, Petro. Folk Ballads of Transcarpathia. Uzhhorod, 1959<\/em>) that contained 44 texts, the editor\u2019s preface and illustrations by prominent Subcarpathian artists Anton Kassay and Fedir Manailo. In 1966, Lintur published a new edition of the book, with 141 texts of the ballads (<em>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f \/ Folk Ballads of Transcarpathia. Collected, edited, preface and notes by P. Lintur. Lviv, 1966<\/em>). Finally, in 2013 Ivan Senko, an ethnographer and assistant professor of Uzhhorod National University, published the third extended edition of Petro Lintur\u2019s collection of ballads \u2013 this time with music notation, allowing to reproduce the actual sounding of the ballads (<em>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \/ Folk Ballads of Transcarpathia. Recorded by Petro Lintur. Uzhhorod, 2013<\/em>). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is worth mentioning that altogether Lintur recorded 600 folk ballads, and that he was not happy with his first book because of the ideological intervention into it: in the Soviet time, it was prohibited to publish specific Rusyn words (\u2018dialectisms\u2019), for they allegedly \u201ccripple the literary language.\u201d Another worthy observation of Petro Lintur was that \u201che describes Subcarpathia as the centre of intersection of three Slavic cultures \u2013 Eastern, Western, and Southern Slavic.\u201d (I. Senko). (Lintur was also an enthusiastic collector of folk fairy tales: He had found about 80 fairy-tale-tellers, collected and published their tales in three books.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lintur divided the ballads into several thematic groups: <em>From the Time of Yore; About Turkish Bondage; About Opryshky, the Social Outlaws; <\/em>and <em>From the Recent Past<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><strong>A kakukkn\u0151v\u00e9r<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"711\" src=\"https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/A_kakukknover_B1-002.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6476\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/A_kakukknover_B1-002.jpg 390w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/A_kakukknover_B1-002-165x300.jpg 165w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/A_kakukknover_B1-002-7x12.jpg 7w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/A_kakukknover_B1-002-370x675.jpg 370w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/A_kakukknover_B1-002-20x36.jpg 20w, https:\/\/rusynsociety.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/A_kakukknover_B1-002-26x48.jpg 26w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Finally, the Subcarpathian Hungarian writer L\u00e1szl\u00f3 V\u00e1ri F\u00e1bi\u00e1n translated 76 Rusyn and Ukrainian folk ballads into Hungarian (<em>V\u00e1ri F\u00e1bi\u00e1n L\u00e1szl\u00f3. A kakukkn\u0151v\u00e9r \/ The Cuckoo Sister. Budapest, 2019<\/em>). He selected ballads for translation from all the abovementioned collections; often the cause of his choice was to present the ballads similar by themes with or showing genetic affiliation to Hungarian folk ballads. \u201cBallads, as a rule, roam from one culture to another; their contents and motifs are similar too,\u201d states the translator. Indeed, the text of one of the ballads recorded by Petro Lintur, \u00ab\u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0414\u0443\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0448?\u00bb (<em>Oh Danube, Danube, Why are you flowing so sad?<\/em>), had been registered for the first time by Jan Blahoslav in his <em>Grammar of the Czech Language <\/em>printed not later than in 1571.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e1szl\u00f3 V\u00e1ri F\u00e1bi\u00e1n divides the ballads into five thematic groups: <em>Love and Wedding; Witchcraft and Jinxes; Family Conflicts; War; <\/em>and <em>Outlawry.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Pryashiv Rusyns also had a collector of their folk ballads. Orest Zilynskyj (1923\u20131976), born in Lemko Lands in Poland and lived almost all his life in Czechoslovakia, collected 482 texts and 240 tunes of ballads recorded in 119 Rusyn villages of Priashiv Rus. He finished this gigantic work in the 1970s, but the ballads were printed only in 2013 (<em>\u0417\u0456\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041e. \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \/ Zilynskyj, O. Ukrainian Folk Ballads of East Slovakia. Kyiv, 2013<\/em>), with nearly 100 pages of the editor\u2019s comments on the history, presence of suchlike plots in the ballads of neighboring nations, migration ways of the plots, etc. In 2018, the Slovak scholar Tatiana Pirn\u00edkov\u00e1 published this collection of ballads in Roman transliteration, explaining this by the fact that nearly all Slovak Rusyns had forgotten their old Cyrillic alphabet. However, she managed to fully preserve all vernacular peculiarities of the ballads, but changed the title of the book to <em>Balady V\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho Slovenska (Ballads of East Slovakia), <\/em>thereby hiding the ethnic origin of these pieces of folklore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These are but a few of the many collections and examples of ballads connected to Rusyn culture. Even if they continue to fall out of interest in the wider community, there is great value in archiving them to preserve their viewpoint for future generations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>More information for the curious reader on the collections of Rusyn folk ballads mentioned in this brief survey:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li>\u0413\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u042f. \u0424. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0423\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0438 \/ Holovatsky, Ya. Folk Songs of Galician and Hungarian Rus. In 4 vol. Moscow, 1878.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lovassy Andor, ford. Ruszin n\u00e9pballad\u00e1k \/ Rusyn Folk Ballads. [Translated into Hungarian.] Ungv\u00e1r, 1944.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e. \u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f \/ Lintur, Petro. Folk Ballads of Transcarpathia. Uzhhorod, 1959.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f \/ Folk Ballads of Transcarpathia. Collected, edited, preface and notes by P. Lintur. Lviv, 1966.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u044f \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u041b\u0456\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \/ Folk Ballads of Transcarpathia. Recorded by Petro Lintur. Uzhhorod, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0417\u0456\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041e. \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0456 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0456 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0421\u0445\u0456\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0457 \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \/ Zilynskyj, O. Ukrainian Folk Ballads of East Slovakia. Kyiv, 2013.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Orest Zilynskyj. Balady V\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho Slovenska \/ Ballads of East Slovakia. [In Rusyn rendered in Roman alphabet.] Pre\u0161ov, 2018.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u00e1ri F\u00e1bi\u00e1n L\u00e1szl\u00f3. A kakukkn\u0151v\u00e9r \/ The Cuckoo Sister. [Translated into Hungarian.] Budapest, 2019.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vladimir Pukish writes on the ballad songs of Carpathian Rus.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6479,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"nf_dc_page":"","iawp_total_views":27,"footnotes":""},"categories":[83],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Girl That Turned Into a Bird: About Collections of Subcarpathian and Pryashiv Rusyn Ballads - The Society for Rusyn Evolution<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Vladimir Pukish writes on the ballad songs of Carpathian Rus.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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